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Britain Can’t Reach Net Zero Without Nuclear

  • Writer: Leeds Policy Institute
    Leeds Policy Institute
  • May 23
  • 3 min read

New report calls for streamlined SMR regulation, international collaboration, and public trust to power the UK’s low-carbon future.

Leeds, May 2025 — A new policy paper from the Leeds Policy Institute titled An Investigation and Policy Recommendation into the Potential Development of Future Nuclear Energy Infrastructure in the UK critically examines the role that nuclear energy—and specifically Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)—can play in complementing intermittent renewable energy sources to meet the UK’s ambitious net-zero targets. Against a backdrop of stringent climate commitments and the need for a stable baseload, the report analyses technological, economic, and regulatory challenges while offering clear policy recommendations to accelerate the safe and efficient deployment of nuclear energy.

"Our report concludes that accelerating the deployment of Small Modular Reactors— supported by streamlined regulatory frameworks, enhanced international partnerships, and robust waste management and public engagement strategies—is essential for the UK to secure a reliable, low-carbon energy future and transform its energy infrastructure."

Key Findings:

  1. Accelerating SMR Deployment: The report argues that reducing bureaucratic hurdles and providing targeted financial incentives (e.g., tax breaks and subsidies on components) can lower initial capital costs and shorten project timelines, making SMRs an attractive option for secure, low-carbon baseload electricity.

  2. Enhancing International Collaboration: The paper emphasizes that by partnering with nuclear-forward allies—particularly CANZUK nations and established European players—the UK can share technical expertise, improve supply chain resilience, and drive joint research and development projects that benefit all parties.

  3. Ensuring Robust Waste Management: Recognizing that long-term nuclear waste management remains a challenge, the report recommends increased investment in advanced recycling technologies and secure storage facilities, thereby safeguarding both public health and environmental standards.

  4. Building Public Trust through Transparent Communication: The authors stress the need for a proactive public engagement strategy that clearly communicates the benefits, risks, and safety measures involved in nuclear power deployment, drawing parallels with historical national projects that fostered widespread support.


Policy Recommendations:

  1. Streamline Regulations: Reform existing licensing frameworks to provide a more cost- and time-effective approval process for SMRs, ensuring that innovative nuclear designs can compete effectively with other energy sources.

  2. Financial Incentives: Establish a suite of targeted fiscal measures—including tax breaks and low-interest loans—to reduce upfront costs and encourage private investment in nuclear infrastructure.

  3. International R&D Collaboration: Initiate and expand cross-border research projects with leading nuclear nations to share best practices, harmonize safety standards, and improve the overall cost-competitiveness of nuclear projects.

  4. Integrated Waste Management Planning: Invest in the development of advanced waste management and recycling solutions, ensuring that nuclear waste is safely managed over the long term while minimizing environmental and social risks.

  5. Transparent Public Engagement: Launch comprehensive education and outreach programs to inform the public about the benefits of nuclear energy, dispel misconceptions, and foster broad-based support for a diversified energy portfolio.


By embracing these recommendations, the UK can diversify its energy mix, enhance national energy security, and meet long-term climate objectives while safeguarding public safety and environmental integrity.

About Leeds Policy Institute

Leeds Policy Institute (LPI) is the UK’s first student-run policy unit and think tank based at the University of Leeds. Since its inception in April 2023, LPI has brought together over 100 undergraduate and postgraduate students from diverse academic disciplines to conduct rigorous, evidence-based research and develop non-partisan policy proposals. LPI’s outputs undergo thorough internal review and are evaluated by renowned academics, ensuring that our research meets the highest standards while informing public debate and policymaking on both local and national levels.


Media Contact:

Joseph Clark

President, Leeds Policy Institute

07592 461606 | bn224jc@leeds.ac.uk


Notes to Editors:

  • The full policy paper is available upon request.

  • The report assesses technological, economic, and regulatory dimensions of nuclear energy in the UK, with an emphasis on the deployment of SMRs as part of a diversified, low-carbon energy strategy.

  • Case studies highlight comparisons with other countries that have successfully integrated nuclear power into their energy portfolios while ensuring long-term waste management and public acceptance.

  • Leeds Policy Institute is based at the University of Leeds and produces independent, evidence-led research to inform policy debates across the UK.


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